Instruments and equipment

Members of the SRF “APEL” work with and have access to various equipment, such as:

Tangens 3M-3

Tangens 3M-3 apparatus for measuring the dielectric loss of liquid dielectrics. A high-precision automated instrument designed to determine the tangent of the dielectric loss angle tgδ, electrical capacitance Cx and dielectric constant ε of transformer oils and other liquid dielectrics. The main feature of the “Tangens 3M-3” model is the presence of three measuring cells in the built-in thermostat, which allows three samples to be analysed simultaneously. The measurement range for the loss tangent tgδ is from 1·10̄⁴ to 0.99. Display of results: LCD on the display module

Laser CM20
Laser CM20 Fluid Contamination Analyser. Portable laser particle counter and working fluid contamination analyser. Calibration standards: MTD (ISO 11171, channels: >4, >6, >14, >21, >38, >70 μm) or ACFTD (channels: >2, >5, >15, >25, >50, >100 μm). Supported cleanliness classes: ISO 4406:1999, NAS 1638, AS4059, GOST 17216. Storage of up to 300 test results. RS232 (with USB adaptability) for connection to a PC.
TsU TEP–TM
TsU TEP–TM Petroleum Products Colour Analyser. A compact laboratory colorimeter designed for the automatic determination of the colour of dark petroleum products (transformer oil). It completely replaces subjective visual comparison of samples on CNT-type colorimeters, eliminating operator error and ensuring accurate quality control of oil purification or ageing. Measurement range: 0.5 … 8.0 CNT colour units. Standards analysed: ASTM D1500, ISO 2049, GOST 20284-74, GOST 28252-90.
TVZ-1M
The TVZ-1M apparatus for detecting a flash in a closed crucible. Designed to determine the flash point of petroleum products (transformer oil) in a closed crucible using the Martens-Pensky method. The analysis is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 6356-75, ISO 2719 and ASTM D93. It is used to assess fire safety during transport, storage and use. The temperature measurement range is from +10 °C to +400 °C. Adjustable sample heating rate. Electric stirrer with a fixed rotation speed (from 90 to 250 rpm).
AII-70
To test the breakdown voltage of transformer oil, the AII-70 apparatus is used in a special configuration with a removable measuring cell (cup) and operates exclusively in AC mode (up to 50 kV). Maximum AC test voltage up to 50 kV (root mean square). Type of measuring cell: porcelain cup with a volume of ~400 cm³. The distance between the electrodes in the cell is 2.5 mm. Engineering
ARTLINE Business R33 (R33v98)
ARTLINE Business R33 (R33v98) server for numerical calculations, simulation, and data processing
Synology NAS DS1823xs+
Synology NAS DS1823xs+ network-attached storage system for model files, input data, simulation results, and technical documentation
Workstations
  • 30 Apple iMac workstations. Capabilities: primary computational resource for data processing, machine learning model training and tuning, data warehousing/analytics pipelines, and graph-based structural analysis; available to project researchers and students via electronic booking.
  • 14 workstations. Intel Pentium G-620 / 16 GB RAM / 500 GB HDD + 128 GB SSD, dual-boot Windows 10 / Ubuntu 18, Epson EB-W41 projector. Capabilities: software development, testing, and prototyping of computational tools in an industry-aligned environment.
  • 14 workstations. Intel Core i5-4690K / 16 GB RAM / 1 TB HDD + 120 GB SSD, dual-boot Windows 10 / Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, Vivitek DH558 DLP projector. Capabilities: higher-performance workstations suitable for model development, simulation, and data-intensive tasks; equipped under an international Erasmus+ consortium project
  • 8 workstations. Capabilities: dedicated space for research-group meetings, joint experiments, and project-based training, with full Internet connectivity for conferences, joint research group meetings, and project-based training
  • 28 workstations. Capabilities: supplementary capacity for software development, algorithm implementation, and student involvement (Bachelor’s, Master’s, and PhD) in project tasks
Solar power plant 3 kW

The solar power station consists of 6 panels, powering 450 W each, and a Growatt MIN 3000TL-XH single-phase inverter, configured to feed the generated electricity into the grid. The solar power station is used to model electricity generation processes depending on weather conditions, as well as for subsequent verification analysis – comparing theoretically modelled indicators with actual energy output figures.

Solar power plant 42.5 kW

The solar power station consists of 68 bifacial panels, powering 625 W each, a Deye SUN50K-SG01HP3-EU-BM4 three-phase inverter, and a battery storage system with 10 Deye BOS-G Pro batteries, capacity 5.12 kWh each. The system is configured to feed the generated electricity into the grid, whilst the battery storage system provides backup power for workstations and servers. The solar power plant is used to model electricity generation processes depending on weather conditions, as well as for subsequent verification analysis – comparing theoretically modelled indicators with actual energy output figures. The system is located on the roof of the Interdepartmental Training and Technology Centre for High-Voltage and Pulsed Technology.

Wind turbine 500 W

The 500 W wind turbine is located on the roof of the electrical engineering building to study the behaviour and operational efficiency of wind power equipment in dense urban environments. The equipment is used to simulate electricity generation processes depending on dynamic weather conditions (wind speed and direction, temperature conditions), as well as for subsequent verification analysis – comparing theoretically modelled parameters with actual energy output figures. Thanks to its low start-up wind speed (2 m/s) and a rated power of 400 W (max. 500 W), the device enables the collection of accurate experimental data even under conditions of low and unstable wind activity, which is characteristic of an urban environment.

Wind turbine 5 kW

This 5 kW vertical-axis wind turbine is used to study the operational characteristics of vertical-axis wind turbines in urban environments. Due to its vertical design, this wind turbine is omnidirectional, meaning it does not require additional mechanisms for tracking the wind, making it a key facility for studying the behaviour of the system under conditions of complex turbulence, vortex flows and sudden changes in wind direction, which occur in urban environments. The installation is used to model electricity generation processes in response to changing weather conditions, as well as to verify calculations by comparing theoretically modelled parameters with actual output power values (up to 5 kW). Furthermore, the low noise levels and minimal vibrations characteristic of this type of wind turbine make it possible to analyse the feasibility of scaling up such solutions directly on residential and office buildings.

Heat pump 10 kW

A 10 kW air-to-water heat pump is used to study the energy efficiency and operational characteristics of this type of equipment, and to model heating, cooling and domestic hot water (DHW) processes in response to fluctuations in ambient temperature. The research focuses on analysing the behaviour of the inverter compressor, the intelligent defrosting system and the Class A water pump under dynamic thermal loads. The experimental setup enables continuous verification analysis – comparing the thermal performance figures (10 kW for heating and 8.8 kW for cooling) and the energy efficiency ratio, obtained through mathematical modelling, with actual energy consumption data in a 380 V three-phase network.

Weather Station DLS-2900

The DLS-2900 weather station is used to measure and monitor environmental parameters. Installed on the roof of the Interdepartmental Training and Technology Centre for High-Voltage and Pulse Technology near the 42.5 kW solar power station, it is used to simulate the operation of associated power generation equipment (wind turbines and solar power stations) depending on actual weather conditions, as well as to compare theoretically modelled and actual generation values. The station measures key meteorological parameters – temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed and direction, precipitation and solar insolation. It is equipped with a combined wireless sensor unit featuring hybrid solar power and a Wi-Fi module for real-time data transmission to a receiving station, with the data subsequently stored on a server.

2.4 MV pulse voltage generator

This is a unique experimental high-voltage system designed to generate microsecond-duration high-voltage pulses that simulate lightning strikes and switching overvoltages in power systems. Equipped with a multi-stage Marx circuit, the generator is used to test protective equipment (surge arresters, overvoltage limiters), investigate the impulse withstand capability of high-voltage insulation, and verify mathematical models of lightning protection for power facilities by comparing theoretical calculations with actual physical breakdown parameters. The cascade is installed at the Interdepartmental Training and Technology Centre for High-Voltage and Pulse Technology.

1 MV transformer cascade

This is a unique experimental high-voltage test-class facility. It is designed to generate ultra-high voltages at industrial (50 Hz) and constant frequency , to carry out insulation tests on high-voltage equipment, to study dielectric breakdown processes, and to simulate ultra-high-power discharges. The facility enables the comparison of theoretical calculations of the electrical strength of insulating gaps with the actual physical parameters of breakdown. The cascade is installed at the Interdepartmental Training and Technology Centre for High-Voltage and Pulsed Technology.

A set of “smart” sensors and meters

The Smart-MAIC suite of ‘smart’ sensors and meters, along with the SaveEcoBot air pollution sensor, are integrated into the network infrastructure for comprehensive energy and environmental monitoring in urban settings. This suite of equipment is used to collect real-time data on energy consumption and generation, as well as to assess environmental conditions (using the SaveEcoBot particulate matter monitor, which measures fine particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10). The data obtained is used for detailed modelling of the operation of renewable energy sources and heat pumps depending on air quality, humidity and temperature, as well as for verifying calculations — comparing theoretically modelled equipment operating modes with actual energy efficiency and environmental impact parameters.